The product label usually provides standard recommendations for use. If a different concentration is required, the following parameters may be used.

Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium concentrations (per 1 liter):

• MS (1×): 4.33 g per liter
• MS (½ MS): 2.17 g per liter
• MS (⅓ MS): 1.44 g per liter
• MS (¼ MS): 1.08 g per liter

Option A — Heat first, then dispense, then autoclave (recommended when working in a flow box or without a true laminar cabinet)

Gently heat the medium in a microwave without bringing it to a boil, until the agar is fully dissolved and the solution becomes completely homogeneous. Dispense the hot medium into culture vessels, leaving headspace for expansion, then autoclave the filled vessels to sterilize the medium.

Option B — Autoclave first, then dispense aseptically (only if your laminar flow cabinet provides sufficiently sterile airflow)

Autoclave the medium in a suitable autoclavable bottle or flask, allow it to cool to a safe handling temperature, then dispense it inside a laminar flow cabinet into pre-sterilized culture vessels. This option is suitable only when the laminar cabinet provides reliable air sterility. If you do not have a laminar cabinet and are working in a flow box, we recommend Option A, as it typically helps reduce contamination rates.

WARNING

Working with an autoclave involves certain risks. Carefully ensure that the lids of all containers are not tightly sealed, as this may cause pressure buildup leading to container rupture, explosion, and serious injury. Always follow proper safety procedures when operating equipment that uses pressurized superheated steam, and make sure you are familiar with the relevant autoclave safety guidelines before use.